Jul 01, 2017 the taiping rebellion or the taiping civil war simplified chinese. Contents preface xv acknowledgements xxiii introduction 1 the chinese emperor burned historical accounts 12 the people. The taiping rebellion, also known as the taiping civil war or the taiping revolution, was a massive rebellion or civil war that was waged in china from 1850 to 1864, between the established qing dynasty and the theocratic taiping heavenly kingdom though following the fall of nanjing the last rebel army was not wiped out until 1871. It was among the worst military conflict which led to the.
Read pdf asian millenarianism an interdisciplinary study of the taiping and tonghak rebellions in a global contextasian millenarianismhardcover. Read here to learn more about the taiping rebellion. Nov 10, 2019 the taiping rebellion 18511864 was a millenarian uprising in southern china that began as a peasant rebellion and turned into an extremely bloody civil war. The rebellion, sect leaders promised, was destined to bring. It lasted from 1850 to 1864 and took an estimated 20 million lives. The taiping rebellion, 18511864 hung xiuquan 18141864 was the son of a farmer and an aspiring chinese bureaucrat. Millenarian movements have been mainly studied from a monotheistic perspective. Christian millenarianism and the early taiping movement. Traditionally, western historians of chinese apocalyptic movements have tended to highlight the catalytic role of foreign religions, be it in the many cases inspired by maitreya, the future buddha, or in the most famous instance.
The taiping rebellion was a revolt against the qing dynasty in china, fought with religious conviction over regional economic conditions, and lasting from 1850 to 1864. Chesneaux interprets the taiping rebellion as a class conflict struggle. This civil war was fought between the established manchu qing dynasty in power and the millenarian. An important alternative that i will not consider is the millenarian theory. The taiping rebellion, from 1851 to 1864, was a millenarian movement led by hong xiuquan, a school teacher who failed the qing scholar. Millenarian movement, shamanism, ways to endure altered states. The taiping rebellion, from 1851 to 1864, was a millenarian movement led by hong. Asian studies history philosophy asian millenarianism. I have not dealt with jen yuwen who makes only peripheral references to christian idealism in taiping ideology. Qing loyalists, and the taiping rebels, its dehumanizing power became a force of destructive violence. Learn about the taiping rebellion everything about wars. Which of the following was a sharp contrast between. The taiping rebellion 18501864 was a pivotal event in modern chinese history. Millenarianism and political violence air university.
The taiping at its peak controlled almost a third of chinas heartland, and seemed poised to topple the qing dynasty. Taiping rebellion was one of the civil rebellions to ruling class, and it was the most massive one. The most famous and spectacular millenarian movement in traditional china was, of course, the taiping rebellion 1850 1864 led by hong xiuquan 18 1864. The taiping rebellion 18511864 was a millenarian uprising in southern china that began as a peasant rebellion and turned into an extremely bloody civil war. Moreover, many of those sect leaders who planned the rebellion. On november 18, 1864, the death knell of the taiping heavenly. The taiping rebellion 18511864 in china was the dead liest civil war.
The taiping rebellion is considered as the most influential of all such millenarian movements which evolved as a result of the dominance of the west except the bolsheviks, reaching the peak of the chinese tradition of millenarian revolts that is nearly 2000 years old except the maoists. In the summer of 1850, hong xiuquan created the armed conflict to qing government. From the jewish revolts against rome in the 1st and 2nd centuries, which resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths, to the taiping rebellion in the 19th century, which led to 2035 million deaths, such movements tend to selfdestruct in spectacular fashion. Millenarian and apocalyptic movements weatherman united states.
Apocalyptic and millenarian movements hall major reference. The members of these sects were converts to a threehundredyearold millenarian religion whose central deity was known as the eternal and venerable mother. For all the costly failures, however, the appeal of millennialism remains, and. It was led by hong xiuquan who said that he had a vision where he discovered that was his elder brother through a movement called millenarian movement. Second, another body of recent research, this time on chinas early medieval period roughly, 200600 ce allows us to identify this period as the formative age of chinas millenarian traditions and the likely source of. Taiping tianguo yundong, literally taiping heavenly kingdom movement was a massive rebellion or civil war in china that lasted from 1850 to 1864 and was fought between the established manchuled qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the. Sep 20, 2005 the taiping rebellion in china led by hong xiuquan is also thought to be a millenarian movement, particularly because its ideological foundations are religious and its formation, theocratic. Jun 11, 2020 despite his unorthodox beliefs, hong xiuquans power was undeniable. Read pdf asian millenarianism an interdisciplinary study of the taiping. Taiping rebellion vs boxer rebellion essay 7653 words. This groundbreaking book reexamines the taiping and the tonghak move. It was a novel coalition of confucian gentry, regional militia, western armaments, and squabbling within the taiping ranks that enabled the qing to stave off this threat, though not before wide swathes of. Motivated by millenarian buddhists who promised the immediate return of the buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of hubei.
Also a careful analysis of the interlocking effects. Important reinterpretations stressing the importance of popular religion include rudolf g. Taiping rebellion a civil war that happened from 1850 to 1864 in southern china that was against the ruling of dynasty of manchu qing. Aug 24, 2019 which of the following was a sharp contrast between millenarian revolts such as the taiping rebellion and orthodox institutions. The circulation and interpretation of taiping depositions. Trigrams planned a rebellion that involved simultaneous uprisings in several cities of north china, including peking. The millenarian motivation of the taiping and tonghak leaders. May, 2015 taiping rebellion 18501864 and boxer rebellion 1900 isolation of tokugawa shogunate vs. Thetaiping rebellion december 185019 july 1864 was a largescale civil war in china fought between the manchuled qing dynasty and the christian millenarian movement of the taiping heavenly kingdom. Millenarian theories naquin 1976, 1981 consider these rebellions as manifestations of religious ideologies and movements through which members of sects are transformed into rebels. It was a millenarian movement led by hong xiuquan, who announced that he had received visions, in which he learned that he was the younger brother of jesus. Apr 02, 2021 the taiping rebellion took the lives of more than 20 million chinese people.
Worlds together worlds apart chapter 16 flashcards quizlet. The veneer of power held by the qing began to fall apart as it became more clear that the central government no longer had the power to control things from beijing peking. Hong was a frustrated examination candidate who had received christian literature from a chinese convert. These forces made a huge difference in the conflict and perhaps decided the war in the qings. A millenarian theory do collective action and rebellion sometimes. The taiping rebellion was a massive civil war in southern china from 1850 to 1864, against the ruling manchu qing dynasty.
And tonghak rebellions in a global contextasian millenarianismhardcover. The taiping hong xiuquans first step toward revolt, godworship religion and godworship society, the hakkas join feng yunshans godworship society, attack of the local shrine and the arrest of feng yunshan, holy ghosts coup detat in holy ghost and new leaders. This groundbreaking book reexamines the taiping and the tonghak movements in nineteenthcentury asia using a much wider range of sources than have been used by scholars in the past. The taiping rebellion in china 18501864, 1 which combined evangelical christianity with ancient daoist millenarianism, shares features with the communist revolution of 1949. Download file pdf the taiping rebellion 1851 66 men at arms part responsible for this and other disasters, and the. Millenarian movements were inspired by confucian, not daoist, ideals. An interdisciplinary study of the taiping and tonghak rebellions in a global context.
Chuan chu bai lian jiao qi yi, 17941804 was a rebellion initiated by followers of the white lotus movement during the qing dynasty of china. Government arms crushed the rebellion by 1900 and extinguished their alternative vision, forcing mayans to work on mexican plantations. Millenarianism in the soviet union and maoist china the. The many references and suggested readings open research questions concerning social barkun, m. Nov 23, 2018 the taiping rebellion in china 18501864,1 which combined evangelical christianity with ancient daoist millenarianism, shares features with the communist revolution of 1949. It was fought between 1850 and 1864, and is also know as the taiping civil war. Consider first the classconflict model of peasant rebellion. It broke out in 1851, a han chinese reaction against the qing dynasty, which was ethnically manchu. The main em phasis is upon government policy towards the rebellion over. Matthew perrys opening of japan 1853 meiji restoration 1868 and the modernization of japan constitution of 1890 geopolitical conflict foreign concessions, open door policy, russo japanese war millenarian revolts taiping rebellion. The taiping rebellion, also known as the taiping civil war or the taiping revolution, was a.
Rebellion is a form resistance or an act of violence to the government or a particular ruler with an aim of overthrowing or taking over its position. He came under the influence of christian missionaries, and reached the conclusion that he was the younger brother of jesus sent to found the heavenly kingdom on earth. The veneer of power held by the qing began to fall apart as it became more clear that the central government no longer. Rise of the taiping and the tonghak as dynamic millenarian forces. Ssuyii teng, the taiping rebellion and the western powers, a com prehensive. Traditional explanations for millenarian movements may not be applicable to asian cases, since asian millenarian views of salvation differ from nonasian ones. The conflict was between the qing dynasty and the christian millenarian movement of taiping heavenly kingdom. From the jewish revolts against rome which led to hundreds of thousands of deaths 3 ce, 6670, 25 to the taiping rebellion that led to the death of some 2035 million people, such movements have a tendency to selfdestruct in the most spectacular fashion. Early christians during the time of roman oppression particularly by nero exhibited millenarian tendencies, although it had been the dominant culture in. The chinese local militias attack the godworshipers, the preparation of the jintian uprising taiping rebellion, the jintian uprising and secular desires, the heavenandthe earth society joins the taiping, other. This civil war was fought between the established manchu qing dynasty in power and the millenarian movement of the heavenly kingdom of peace. The role of religion in the taiping rebellion berkeley, calif. Millenarianism in the soviet union and maoist china by.
Asian millenarianism an interdisciplinary study of the taiping and. The time jesuss younger brother led a revolution in china. Local politics and class conflict daniel little center for. The most famous and spectacular millenarian movement in traditional china was, of course, the taiping rebellion 18501864 led by hong xiuquan 18 1864. Chinese characters, millenarianism, millenarian kingdom and old korean characters nurhachi. Taiping rebellion is defined as a millenarian movement from 1850 to 1864, and its leader was hong xiuquan in southern china. Chinese millenarian traditions 1515 these recent reinterpretations together in a careful manner, it seems highly likely that once we do so, we will find shared core elements. Despite raising an army of 100,000 rebels, the rebellion was crushed. The taiping rebellion december 185019 july 1864 was a largescale civil war in china fought between the manchuled qing dynasty and the christian millenarian movement of the taiping heavenly kingdom. Nian rebellion elizabeth perry, rebels and revolutionaries in north china, 18451945 rebellion as a deliberate response to challenges to survival. Strategies of survival, individual and collective, underlie her analysis of these rebellions.
And yet, for all the costly failures, the appeal remains and generation after. The lasting impact of the taiping rebellion vox, cepr policy portal. The rebellion began in the southern province of guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against hong xiuquans christian god worshipping society cult, which. Was it essentially a millenarian religious movement throughout its course, or did it. The qing dynasty made extensive use of western support in the closing stages of the rebellion, relying heavily on western war materiel and even the direct participation of the british and french militaries during certain operations. Dec 31, 2006 traditional explanations for millenarian movements may not be applicable to asian cases, since asian millenarian views of salvation differ from nonasian ones.
Rebellion as a local response to local conditions, rather than an ideological attempt to attack the. Taiping rebellion rebellion by followers of hong xiuquan and the taiping heavenly kingdom against the qing government over the economic and social turmoil caused by the opium war. Chinese millenarian traditiona the formative age chinese. It wis a millenarian movement led bi hong xiuquan, who annoonced that he haed received veesions in which he learned that he wis the younger brither o jesus. Rebellion by followers of hong xiuquan and the taiping heavenly kingdom against the qing government over the economic and social turmoil caused by the opium war. Convinced of the imminent coming of a just and ideal society. The taiping rebellion wis a massive ceevil war in soothren cheenae frae 1850 tae 1864, against the rulin manchuled qing dynasty. It was a millenarian movement led by hong xiuquan, who announced that he had received visions, in which he. Taiping rebellion, political and religious upheaval in china that was probably the most important event in china in the 19th century. Confucianism and indigenous millenarianism, which hong presented as a restoration of the ancient chinese. All these combined to bring about the tungan rebellion.
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