Hiv life cycle diagram pdf

Download the whole book pdf see all caties practical guides and booklets. Strategy 4 this is a promising place to break the life cycle, but these drugs are not a cure. Hiv medicines protect the immune system by blocking hiv at different stages of the hiv life cycle. Hiv life cycle hiv entry fusion complete cd4 attachment hr1hr2 interaction cxcr4 ccr5 hiv hiv gp120 anchorage cd4 coreceptor interaction cell hiv hiv hiv gp41. An attractive way to target hiv 1 life cycle that may be less sensitive to viral mutagenesis is the direct targeting of host cell factors that are utilized by the virus. Once hiv comes into contact with a tcell, it must attach itself to the cell so that. The above image is 500 pixels across, the original measures 3,600 pixels across. From infected mother to her child through placenta.

This process, which is carried out in seven steps or stages, is called the hiv life cycle. Mode of transmissionsexual contact with infected persons. Activity 3 36 hiv life cycle webquest in order to give students a greater understanding of the life cycle. Next, the virus is uncoated within the cytoplasm of the cell when the capsid is removed.

The main attachment receptor for hiv is the cd4 molecule that is present on. Hiv life cycle diagram showing all the steps of hiv replication with associated hiv drugs used for inhibiting each step binding stage of hiv life cycle in the binding or attachment stage of hiv life cycle, the hiv virus attaches itself to the surface of cd4 cells by using its receptor known as gp120 a glycoprotein to attach to some receptors. Students will understand how the hiv viral pathway may be interrupted to prevent the. Mar 11, 2021 the hiv lifecycle in detail like other living things, viruses need to be able to reproduce. Proteins in long uncut strands are useless, and the life cycle would be broken.

How hiv infects the body and the lifecycle of hiv avert. For hiv to remain alive and to reproduce, it needs to hijack cells of the infected person. Structure and life cycle of hiv lecture 12 190304 life cycle of hiv 1 ii hiv genome. Viruses are the smallest infectious agents of animal and plant tissues. Hiv life cycle follow each stage in the hiv life cycle, as hiv attacks a cd4 cell and uses the machinery of the cell to multiply. Hiv proteins are shown in red and magenta, hiv rna is in yellow and hiv dna is in yellowgreen. Hiv is dependent on an enzyme called the hiv 1 protease for the virus to become infectious. The hiv genetic material rna is used by the reverse transcriptase enzyme to build hiv dna. For this reason in recent years a substantial effort has been put to identification of druggable host cell factors that are involved in hiv. A very critical step is the proteolytic cleavage of the polypeptide precursors into mature enzymes and structural proteins catalyzed by hiv protease.

To understand each stage in the hiv life cycle, it helps to first imagine what hiv looks like. Strategy 5 this is a very late stage in the life cycle of hiv. The gp120 attaches to the attachement receptor cd4. Follow each stage in the hiv life cycle, as hiv attacks a cd4 cell and uses the machinery of the cell to multiply. Discovery and development of hivprotease inhibitors wikipedia. The life cycle of hiv 1 is divided into early and late phases, shown schematically in the figure. The main cellular target of hiv is a special class of white blood cells critical to the immune system known as helper t lymphocytes, or helper t cells. This infographic illustrates the hiv replication cycle, which begins when hiv fuses with the surface of the host cell. Mar 07, 2020 antiretroviral therapy works by targeting more than one stage in the hiv life cycle. The life cycle of hiv and hiv disease december 2011hiv life cyclehiv illustration cd4 cell illustration 2. The main cellular target of hiv is a special class of white blood cells critical to the immune system known as helper t lymphocytes. Phosphorylation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid. The series of steps that hiv follows to multiply in the body. After fusion, the virus releases rna, its genetic material, into the host cell.

During adsorption, an envelope glycoprotein on the surface of hiv called gp120 must adsorbs to both a cd4 molecule and then a chemokine. By sharinginfected needles as in the case of intravenous drug abusers. The type of virus, the cells it targets, where it replicates and proliferates in the human body and why hiv is so. This animation describes the structure of the hiv virus, receptormediated attachment to cd4 lymphoc. An hiv enzyme called reverse transcriptase converts the single. Hiv is an approximately 100 nm icosahedral structure with 72 external spikes that are formed by the two major envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41. If hiv is not treated, it can lead to aids acquired. Once hiv enters the body typically through sexual contact, blood exposure, or.

To learn more about the hiv lifecycle, take a look at our hiv lifecycle. The type of drugs that stop this stage of the lifecycle are called protease inhibitor pi drugs. In order for hiv 1 to reproduce, it infects a cd4 bearing target cell. The hiv lifecycle in detail hiv first has to attach to a cd4 cell. It has a complicated life cycle, with its information being stored as rna, then transferred to dna, before new viral particles are made. The shell of the capsid disintegrates and the hiv protein called reverse transcriptase transcribes the viral rna into dna. The life cycle of hiv and hiv disease december 2011hiv life cycle1. Hiv infection also fuels other epidemics of global concern most notably tuberculosis, which has become a leading cause of death not only among people living with hiv, but also. Hiv drugs are called inhibitors because they inhibit or stop parts of the cycle. Estimated number of people living with hiv in 2012 and trends in the incidence of new infections from 2001 to 2012 by global. The viral life cycle and antiretroviral drugs catie canadas. Hiv continuously uses new host cells to replicate itself. Human immunodeficiency virus hiv particle upper right attaches to cell surface.

The 3d model of the mature virion was generated using cellpack by graham johnson illustrations of the major steps of hiv life cycle are presented that integrate information from structural and biophysical studies. Effectively, the virus has now hijacked the host cells own replication system. Estimated number of people living with hiv in 2012 and trends in the incidence of new infections from 2001 to 2012 by global region. There are several steps in the hiv life cycle that may be interfered with, thus stopping the replication of the virus. There are many cells throughout the body that express varying levels of cd4. The fifth stage of the hiv life cycle is when the virus starts to form hiv proteins in long chains. Combining certain drugs from more than one drug class will achieve this goal, and suppress the virus to undetectable levels in the blood. It has several stages and different hiv drugs are active at different stages. Hiv virology and pathogenetic mechanisms of infection. Cbse ncert notes class 12 biology human health disease. Hivinfo information on hivaids treatment, prevention. The hiv life cycle is typically divided into 7 distinct stages, from the attachment of the virus to the host cell to the budding of new freecirculating hiv virions pictured. Hiv drugs that block this process are called entry inhibitors.

Students will learn about the hiv life cycle and in small groups discuss and propose methods to prevent the spread of the infection. Hiv human immunodeficiency virus is a virus that attacks the bodys immune system. A capsid containing the viruss genome and proteins then enters the cell. Definitionthe hiv life cycle defines the steps and changes the virus undergoes from its first contact with a target cell to the production of new infectious viral particles that can initiate the. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Feb 05, 2007 hiv life cycle animation ann brokaw describes how she uses the hiv life cycle animation in her three levels of high school biology classes, taking advantage of the animations strong curricular connections to multiple topics, including immunology and cell biology. Pathophysiology of the human immunodeficiency virus baylor. Depending on the type of nucleic acid, cellular components are used to replicate the viral genome and synthesize viral.

The human immunodeficiency viruses hiv are two species of lentivirus a subgroup of. Lesson hiv structurelife cycle 2 and implications for. Helper t cells play a central role in normal immune responses by producing factors that activate virtually. The life cycle begins with the penetration of the virus into the host cell. Phases of hiv disease progression over two and a half decades of research has informed our understanding of this virus. Click on the diagram to enlarge it or access the printable version. Hiv 1 measles virus parvovirus poliovirus rhinovirus car car, cd55 integrin vla2, cd55 cd21 cd4, ccr5, cxcr4 cd46 erythrocyte p ag pvr icam1. Aids lifecycle hiv hivaids free 30day trial scribd.

The life cycle of bacteriophages has been a good model for understanding how viruses affect the cells they infect, since similar processes have been observed for eukaryotic viruses, which can cause immediate death of the cell or establish a latent or chronic infection. There is a class of drugs called protease inhibitors, which bind to this enzyme and stop it from functioning. The outside of hiv has an outer shell envelope of proteins, fats and sugars. As a result, when the cellular dna is transcribed, so is the viral dna to form an rna. The process of producing new viruses begins when hiv gains entry to a cell. Hiv uses the machinery of the cd4 cells to multiply and spread throughout the body. Hiv aids treatment and research information from the us federal government. Discovery and development of hivprotease inhibitors. Hiv belongs to the class of viruses called retroviruses, which carry genetic information in the form of rna. Ppt structure and life cycle of hiv powerpoint presentation.

Step 3 in the hiv life cycle is reverse transcription. Like all virus particles, hiv is not technically alive, but rather can be viewed as a piece of genetic material coated with a protein and sugar body. Hivinfo information on hivaids treatment, prevention and. Human immunodeficiency virus hiv is a complex rna virus of the genus lentivirus within the retroviridae family. When hiv infects its target cell it requires fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. How the hiv infection cycle works animated microbiology. The main target of hiv is activated cd4 t lymphocytes. The life cycle of the hiv virus is a multistep process. Other antiviral drugs target different stages of the viral life cycle. Hiv infects immune system cells which have a cd4 receptor on the surface. The stages are outlined in sequential orders as follows. Hiv life cycle diagram showing all the steps of hiv replication with associated hiv drugs used for inhibiting each step binding stage of hiv life cycle in the binding or attachment stage of hiv life cycle, the hiv virus attaches itself to the surface of cd4 cells by using its receptor known as gp120 a glycoprotein to attach to some receptors on the cd4 cells such as ccr5 receptors and cxcr4. Hiv infects t cells that carry the cd4 antigen on their surface. In the early phase, an hiv 1 virion binds to receptors and coreceptors on the human host cell surface a, viral and host cell membranes fuse and the viral particle is uncoated b, the viral genome is reverse transcribed and the viral preintegration complex pic forms c, the pic is.

Dna detected in nucleus 4h gag shell priming completion in about 10 min buding occurs 15min after. Initially, hiv uses a cellular protein called cyclophilin that. Similarly, vpx viral protein x is found in hiv2 and not hiv1. Hiv is a retrovirus having rna as the genetic material. Bytransfusion of contaminated blood and blood products. Structure of human immunodeficiency virus hiv learn. Structure, life cycle, and pathogenecity jonathan richard hughes university of tennessee knoxville follow this and additional works at.

Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection x. Clinicalinfo information on hivaids treatment, prevention. Hiv life cycle hiv entry fusion complete cd4 attachment hr1hr2 interaction cxcr4 ccr5 hiv hiv gp120 anchorage cd4 coreceptor interaction cell hiv hiv hiv gp41 gp41. The purpose of this activity is engage students in studying the hiv viral infection pathway in a human cell. Request pdf hiv 1 replication cycle the hiv 1 is a formidable pathogen with establishment of a persistent infection based on the ability to integrate the proviral genome into. And each infected cd4 cell produces hundreds of new copies of new hiv particles. These two diagrams show us how hiv interacts with t cells in the immune system. Viruses are extremely small organisms, which can only multiply and reproduce themselves when they are inside the cells of some other larger organism. For this reason in recent years a substantial effort has been put to identification of druggable host cell factors that are involved in hiv 1 replication. Sep 28, 2020 the seven stages of the hiv life cycle are.

From the analysis of the hiv life cycle, one could con. Two major types of the aids virus, hiv 1 and hiv 2, have been identified. Aids is the final stage of hiv infection where the risk of complications for an. Include the following key words in your description. There are two websites below with suggestions and student worksheets to be. This process happens in two stages, attachment and fusion. We learned at the last stage that hiv dumps hiv rna and reverse transcriptase into the cd4 cell. Hiv begins to enter a cd4 cell by binding, or attaching itself, to a specific point, called a cd4 receptor, on. These cells include tlymphocytes also known as t cells, monocytes, macrophages and.

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